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• Phonemic identity - being able to recognize
common sounds in different words such as /p/
is the common sound for "pat", "pick", and
"play".
• Phonemic isolation - being able to recognize
the individual sounds of words such as /c/ is
the beginning sound of "cat" and /t/ is the
ending sound of "cat".
• Phoneme substitution - being able to change
one word to another by substituting one
phoneme. For example changing the /t/ in
"cat" to /p/ now makes "cap".
• Word Segmenting - the parent says the word
"lap", and the child says the individual sounds:
/l/, /a/, and /p/.
• Oral blending - the parent says the individual
sounds such as /r/, /e/, and /d/, and the child
forms the word from the sounds to say "red".
Phonemic awareness and phonological awareness
should be distinguished in the fact that they are not
the same thing. Phonological awareness is broad in
that is includes phonemic awareness as a sub
category. Phonemic awareness is narrow, and its
focus is on identifying and manipulating the
individual sounds in words. Phonological awareness
includes the identification and manipulation of
larger parts of spoken language such as words
syllables, onsets, and also phonemes.
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